Artificial oxygen carriers, from nanometer- to micrometer-sized particles, made of hemoglobin composites substituting for red blood cells

Blood transfusions are regarded as the most well-known and frequently performed cell transplantations. Although current transfusion systems sophisticated, they cannot be freed from inherent difficulties that include infection, short shelf life, blood type mismatching. Artificial oxygen carriers produced using hemoglobin (Hb) designated Hb-based (HBOCs), which anticipated for use biomaterials have potential to resolve issues of by a radical paradigm shift. Various HBOCs, nanometer-sized micrometer-sized bioparticles having an oxygen-carrying function, developed substitutes red cells (RBCs). This paper presents overview classification HBOCs with reference their histories, preparations, structures, functions, in vitro vivo properties. Additionally, we give more detailed introduction our academic studies liposome encapsulated Hb, Hb-vesicles (HbV), mimic physiologically important corpuscular structure RBCs. review outlines perennial efforts approaches RBC functions through chemical, genetic, encapsulation techniques. It will provide insights into eventual realization alternative transfusion.